Warming and altered precipitation independently and interactively suppress alpine soil microbial growth in a decadal-long experiment.

Warming and precipitation anomalies affect terrestrial carbon balance partly through altering microbial eco-physiological processes (e.g., growth and death) in soil. However, little is known about how such processes responds to simultaneous regime shifts in temperature and precipitation. We used the 18O-water quantitative stable isotope probing approach to estimate bacterial growth in alpine meadow soils of the Tibetan Plateau after a decade of warming and altered precipitation manipulation. Our results showed that the growth of major taxa was suppressed by the single and combined effects of temperature and precipitation, eliciting 40-90% of growth reduction of whole community. The antagonistic interactions of warming and altered precipitation on population growth were common (~70% taxa), represented by the weak antagonistic interactions of warming and drought, and the neutralizing effects of warming and wet. The members in Solirubrobacter and Pseudonocardia genera had high growth rates under changed climate regimes. These results are important to understand and predict the soil microbial dynamics in alpine meadow ecosystems suffering from multiple climate change factors.

Analysis of population distribution for anticipating radiological consequences of nuclear power plant program in West Kalimantan.

The potential establishment of a nuclear power plant (NPP) in the West Kalimantan is under consideration to address low electrification rates. This research assesses the demographic characteristics and population growth in the vicinity of the proposed NPP site in West Kalimantan. The investigation focuses on demographic aspects, population density, and anticipated growth during the operational phase of the reactor. The study area encompasses districts within a 25 km radius of the site. Employing a descriptive quantitative approach, this research integrates verified population data and utilizes spatial and temporal analysis. The exponential method is employed to forecast population growth throughout the operational lifespan of the reactor, to anticipate population increases in around NPP site. Reactor operation has potential radiological consequences. Results reveal that the suggested NPP site adheres to regulations concerning population density away from densely populated areas. Projected population growth is notable in specific regions, necessitating monitoring and policy attention. A gender-specific analysis highlights the higher female populations, with sensitivity to radiation exposure. These findings offer essential information for evaluating the radiological impact of the NPP on the population, so meeting NPP siting requirements. The study contributes valuable insights for decision-making regarding NPP development and safety considerations in West Kalimantan.

Chronic Effects of an Insect Growth Regulator (teflubenzuron) on the Life Cycle and Population Growth Rate of Folsomia candida.

Current standard toxicity tests on nontarget soil invertebrates mainly focus on the endpoints survival and reproduction. Such results are likely insufficient to predict effects at higher organizational levels, for example, the population level. We assessed the effects of exposure to the pesticide teflubenzuron on the collembolan Folsomia candida, by performing a full life-cycle experiment exposing single individuals via contaminated food (uncontaminated control and 0.2, 0.32, 0.48, 0.72, 1.08, and 1.6 mg/kg dry yeast). Several life-history traits were considered by following the growth and development of newly hatched individuals over a period of 65 days. We assessed survival, body length, time to first oviposition, cumulative egg production, and hatchability of eggs. A two-stage model was applied to calculate the population growth rate (λ) combined with elasticity analysis to reveal the relative sensitivity of λ to the effects of teflubenzuron on each life-history parameter. Body length was the least sensitive life-history parameter (median effective concentration = 1.10 mg teflubenzuron/kg dry yeast) followed by time to first oviposition (0.96 mg/kg), survival (median lethal concentration = 0.87 mg/kg), cumulative egg production (0.32 mg/kg), and egg hatchability (0.27 mg/kg). Population growth decreased with increasing concentrations of teflubenzuron (λ = 1.162/day in control to 1.005/day in 0.72 mg/kg dry yeast, with populations going extinct at 1.08 and 1.6 mg/kg dry yeast). Elasticity analysis showed that changes in juvenile survival had a greater impact on the population growth rate compared with the other life-history traits. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of individual-level effects of long-term exposure to teflubenzuron and integrates these effects to assess the potential risk to collembolan populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1173-1183. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Retrospective analysis of the main feedstocks for animal feed in the world: How the green revolution has affected their environmental performance over the last 60 years, from 1961 to 2021.

At the end of the 1950s, studies began to create high-yield cultivars with the aim of increasing the supply of basic foods in the world, this action was called "green evolution". It was associated with the increase in the use of inputs to increase production levels, leading agriculture to a possible increase in environmental impacts and "harmful habits" of management. To characterize the historical damage of this action, it is necessary to use methods that generate universal results, capable of representing the world. Then, we use Life cycle assessment (LCA) to estimate the historical evolution of the environmental impacts of the two main feedstock for feed in the world, soybeans, and corn, from 1961 to 2021. To better understand the variation in their impacts, we consider the change in agricultural management when we use as a functional unit the amount of area needed to produce 1 kg of grain. Although emissions and impacts from agriculture, by area, have increased each decade, when considering productivity through the area/production ratio, we note that a number of emissions were avoided, along with impacts in all categories evaluated. Therefore, the development and use of technologies that modify the area/production ratio can contribute to avoiding environmental impacts.

The impact of boldness on demographic rates and life-history outcomes in the wandering albatross.

Differences among individuals within a population are ubiquitous. Those differences are known to affect the entire life cycle with important consequences for all demographic rates and outcomes. One source of among-individual phenotypic variation that has received little attention from a demographic perspective is animal personality, which is defined as consistent and heritable behavioural differences between individuals. While many studies have shown that individual variation in individual personality can generate individual differences in survival and reproductive rates, the impact of personality on all demographic rates and outcomes remains to be assessed empirically. Here, we used a unique, long-term, dataset coupling demography and personality of wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) in the Crozet Archipelago and a comprehensive analysis based on a suite of approaches (capture-mark-recapture statistical models, Markov chains models and structured matrix population models). We assessed the effect of boldness on annual demographic rates (survival, breeding probability, breeding success), life-history outcomes (life expectancy, lifetime reproductive outcome, occupancy times), and an integrative demographic outcome (population growth rate). We found that boldness had little impact on female demographic rates, but was very likely associated with lower breeding probabilities in males. By integrating the effects of boldness over the entire life cycle, we found that bolder males had slightly lower lifetime reproductive success compared to shyer males. Indeed, bolder males spent a greater proportion of their lifetime as non-breeders, which suggests longer inter-breeding intervals due to higher reproductive allocation. Our results reveal that the link between boldness and demography is more complex than anticipated by the pace-of-life literature and highlight the importance of considering the entire life cycle with a comprehensive approach when assessing the role of personality on individual performance and demography.

Unclear relationships between mean survival rate and its environmental variance in vertebrates.

Current environmental changes may increase temporal variability of life history traits of species thus affecting their long-term population growth rate and extinction risk. If there is a general relationship between environmental variances (EVs) and mean annual survival rates of species, that relationship could be used as a guideline for analyses of population growth and extinction risk for populations, where data on EVs are missing. For this purpose, we present a comprehensive compilation of 252 EV estimates from 89 species belonging to five vertebrate taxa (birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fish) covering mean annual survival rates from 0.01 to 0.98. Since variances of survival rates are constrained by their means, particularly for low and high mean survival rates, we assessed whether any observed relationship persisted after applying two types of commonly used variance stabilizing transformations: relativized EVs (observed/mathematical maximum) and logit-scaled EVs. With raw EVs at the arithmetic scale, mean-variance relationships of annual survival rates were hump-shaped with small EVs at low and high mean survival rates and higher (and widely variable) EVs at intermediate mean survival rates. When mean annual survival rates were related to relativized EVs the hump-shaped pattern was less distinct than for raw EVs. When transforming EVs to logit scale the relationship between mean annual survival rates and EVs largely disappeared. The within-species juvenile-adult slopes were mainly positive at low (<0.5) and negative at high (>0.5) mean survival rates for raw and relativized variances while these patterns disappeared when EVs were logit transformed. Uncertainties in how to interpret the results of relativized and logit-scaled EVs, and the observed high variation in EV's for similar mean annual survival rates illustrates that extrapolations of observed EVs and tests of life history drivers of survival-EV relationships need to also acknowledge the large variation in these parameters.

Examining Innovative Technologies: Nano-Chelated Fertilizers for Management of Wheat Aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rondani).

The use of nanofertilizers has both advantages and concerns. One benefit is that nano-fertilizers can enhance plant resistance against insect pests, making them a valuable strategy in integrated pest management (IPM). This study focused on the effect of wheat leaves treated with nano-chelated fertilizers and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rondani), a harmful pest of wheat plants that transmits dangerous viruses. The nano-Cu treatment showed the longest pre-adult longevity. Additionally, the nano-Cu treatment resulted in the lowest adult longevity, fecundity, nymphoposition day number, intrinsic rate of population growth (r), finite rate of population increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0) and gross reproductive rate (GRR). Also, nano-Cu treatment led to the highest amount of (T). The N treatment led to the highest levels of fecundity, nymphoposition days, r, λ, and R0. Nano-Fe and nano-Zn demonstrated fewer negative effects on S. graminum life table parameters than nano-Cu. Our results indicate that N treatment yielded numerous advantageous effects on the wheat aphid while simultaneously impeding the efficacy of the aphid control program. Conversely, nano-Cu treatment exhibited a detrimental influence on various parameters of the aphid's life table, resulting in a reduction in the pest's fitness. Consequently, the integration of nano-Cu should be seriously considered as a viable option in the IPM of the wheat aphid.

Mapping of population growth influence on land use transformation from 1994 to 2015 in Madaba Governorate, Jordan.

The Madaba Governorate, as the second-largest wheat producer in Jordan, holds a crucial position in safeguarding regional food security. Its evolving landscape, marked by changes in land use, presents environmental and socio-economic challenges that necessitate sustainable urban planning and land management practices. This study delves into the intricate relationship between the conversion of agricultural lands into urban areas and the concurrent rise in population within the Madaba Governorate. Utilizing a Markov model, this research employs land use and land cover (LULC) data from 1994, 2004, and 2015 to project future changes in 2025 and 2035 with an impressive 80% accuracy (kappa coefficient). The findings reveal a projected 6% increase in urban areas over the next decade and a notable 11.81% decline in rural lands, signifying a substantial urbanization trend. In response to these population-driven LULC dynamics, there is an urgent need for the implementation of sustainable land use planning and management solutions. Given the constraints of limited water resources in the region, this study also places emphasis on water resource management. Recommendations include measures such as restricting urban sprawl, preserving agricultural lands, managing population growth, and implementing water conservation strategies. These insights provide invaluable information for stakeholders in the Madaba Governorate, including policymakers and land use planners, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between regional water resources, population expansion, and land use changes.

The effect of gradually lifting the two-child policy on demographic changes in China.

Low-fertility rate has been a common problem in many industrialized countries. To reverse the declining trend of new births, Chinese government gradually lifted its restrictions on the number of births per family, allowing for a household to have no more than two children. Little is known about the additional births or population increase contributed by the gradual relaxation of birth restrictions. To fill this gap, this quasi-experimental design study including data from 124 regions used the synthetic control method and controlled interrupted time series analysis to evaluate the differences in birth rates and rates of natural population increase between China and its synthetic control following implementation of the two-child policy from 2011 to 2020. A total of 123 regions were included in the control pool. Data collected during 1990-2010 were used to identify the synthetic China for each study outcome. The mean rate differences of birth rates and rates of natural increase between China and synthetic China after two-child policy implementation were 1.16 per 1000 population and 1.02 per 1000, respectively. These rate differences were distinguished from variation due to chance (one-sided pseudo-P-values: P for birth rates = 0.047, P for rates of natural increase = 0.020). However, there were statistically significant annual reductions in the pre-post trend of birth rates and rates of natural increase compared with those of controls of <0.340 per 1000 population per year [P = 0.007, 95% CI = (-0.584, -0.096)] and <0.274 per 1000 per year [P = 0.028, 95% CI = (-0.518, -0.031)]. The results suggested that lifting birth restrictions had a short-term effect on the increase in birth rates and rates of natural population increase. However, birth policy with lifting birth restrictions alone may not have sustained impact on population growth in the long run.

From desolation to preservation: Investigating longitudinal trends in forest coverage and implications for future environmental strategies.

Pakistan's forest cover is experiencing significant degradation in the ongoing efforts to combat climate change. The current state of the climate catastrophe is acknowledged. Nevertheless, there is a significant lack of readiness to tackle it effectively, especially regarding safeguarding the welfare of forthcoming generations. Pakistan bears significant relevance for future generations in this global crisis. The primary objective of this study is to examine the environmental difficulties faced by Pakistan and emphasize the critical need to safeguard its natural resources, considering the well-being of present and future generations. By using rigorous correlation and robust least squares regression methods, we investigate the complex interplay of financial aid, environmental legislation, precipitation, population growth, foreign direct investment, and afforestation within the time frame spanning from 1990 to 2022. The findings demonstrate that providing financial aid for afforestation initiatives significantly expands forested areas in Pakistan. Furthermore, the expansion of the population, the implementation of rigorous environmental restrictions, and the yearly amount of precipitation all play a role in the augmentation of forest coverage in Pakistan. Nevertheless, an alarming pattern of diminishing forest coverage over the years presents noteworthy obstacles. The importance of governance in promoting afforestation initiatives and sustainable development is highlighted by the emergence of adequate regulatory quality as a key factor. The average amount of precipitation has a discernible beneficial influence, underscoring the significance of climatic factors. The results above emphasize the need to implement cautious water resource management strategies and regulations responsive to climatic conditions. Based on these observations, the study proposes promoting sustainable agricultural and forest management, adopting a well-balanced strategy towards population expansion, implementing regulatory changes, and prudent use of water resources.

Declining global fertility rates and the implications for family planning and family building: an IFFS consensus document based on a narrative review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Family-planning policies have focused on contraceptive approaches to avoid unintended pregnancies, postpone, or terminate pregnancies and mitigate population growth. These policies have contributed to significantly slowing world population growth. Presently, half the countries worldwide exhibit a fertility rate below replacement level. Not including the effects of migration, many countries are predicted to have a population decline of >50% from 2017 to 2100, causing demographic changes with profound societal implications. Policies that optimize chances to have a child when desired increase fertility rates and are gaining interest as a family-building method. Increasingly, countries have implemented child-friendly policies (mainly financial incentives in addition to public funding of fertility treatment in a limited number of countries) to mitigate decreasing national populations. However, the extent of public spending on child benefits varies greatly from country to country. To our knowledge, this International Federation of Fertility Societies (IFFS) consensus document represents the first attempt to describe major disparities in access to fertility care in the context of the global trend of decreasing growth in the world population, based on a narrative review of the existing literature. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: The concept of family building, the process by which individuals or couples create or expand their families, has been largely ignored in family-planning paradigms. Family building encompasses various methods and options for individuals or couples who wish to have children. It can involve biological means, such as natural conception, as well as ART, surrogacy, adoption, and foster care. Family-building acknowledges the diverse ways in which individuals or couples can create their desired family and reflects the understanding that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to building a family. Developing education programs for young adults to increase family-building awareness and prevent infertility is urgently needed. Recommendations are provided and important knowledge gaps identified to provide professionals, the public, and policymakers with a comprehensive understanding of the role of child-friendly policies. SEARCH METHODS: A narrative review of the existing literature was performed by invited global leaders who themselves significantly contributed to this research field. Each section of the review was prepared by two to three experts, each of whom searched the published literature (PubMed) for peer reviewed full papers and reviews. Sections were discussed monthly by all authors and quarterly by the review board. The final document was prepared following discussions among all team members during a hybrid invitational meeting where full consensus was reached. OUTCOMES: Major advances in fertility care have dramatically improved family-building opportunities since the 1990s. Although up to 10% of all children are born as a result of fertility care in some wealthy countries, there is great variation in access to care. The high cost to patients of infertility treatment renders it unaffordable for most. Preliminary studies point to the increasing contribution of fertility care to the global population and the associated economic benefits for society. WIDER IMPLICATIONS: Fertility care has rarely been discussed in the context of a rapid decrease in world population growth. Soon, most countries will have an average number of children per woman far below the replacement level. While this may have a beneficial impact on the environment, underpopulation is of great concern in many countries. Although governments have implemented child-friendly policies, distinct discrepancies in access to fertility care remain.

Urologist Access for the Male Population: An 18-Year Study on Population Trends.

INTRODUCTION: Our study examines the factors associated with urologist availability for younger and older men across the country over a period of 18 years from 2000 to 2018. METHODS: The Area Health Resource Files and US Census Data were analyzed from 2000, 2010, and 2018. The younger male population was defined as men aged 20 to 49, and the older male population was defined as ages 50 to 79. Urologist availability was determined by county at all time points. Logistic regression analysis and geographically weighted regression was completed. RESULTS: Over an 18-year period, overall urologist availability decreased for men by 19.6%. Access to urologist availability for men in metropolitan and rural counties decreased by 9.4% and 29.5%, respectively. Among the younger male cohort, urologist availability increased in metropolitan counties by 4%, but decreased by 16% in rural counties. There was an overall decrease in urologist availability of 28% and 43% in metropolitan and rural counties in the older male population. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that metropolitan status was the most significant factor associated with urologist availability for both male populations. The odds of each independent factor predicting urologist availability for the younger and older male population is dependent on geography. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the male population has seen a decline in urologist availability. This is especially true for the older male residing in a rural county. Predictors of urologist availability depend on geographical regions, and understanding these regional drivers may allow us to better address disparities in urological care.

The 8 billion milestone: Risk perceptions of global population growth among UK and US residents.

In November 2022, the global human population reached 8 billion and is projected to reach 10 billion by 2060. Theories, models, and evidence indicate that global population growth (GPG) increases the likelihood of many adverse outcomes, such as biodiversity loss, climate change, mass migrations, wars, and resource shortages. A small body of research indicates that many individuals are concerned about the effects of GPG, and these concerns are strongly related to the willingness to engage in mitigative and preventative actions. However, scientific understanding of the factors that influence GPG risk perceptions remains limited. To help address this research gap, we conducted a study of the perceived risk of GPG among UK and US residents (N = 1029) shortly after the "8 billion milestone." Our results confirmed that GPG is perceived as a moderate-to-high risk and these perceptions have a strong positive relationship with the willingness to engage in and support risk management actions. Our participants believed that the worst effects of GPG were yet to come but would largely be geographically and socially remote. Despite their willingness to engage in risk management actions, our participants reported low self-efficacy and that governments (cf. individuals and communities) have the greatest capacity to influence GPG. Risk perceptions were strongly predicted by worldviews and were higher among our UK (cf. US) participants. We also found that the perceived benefits of GPG were low and found no evidence to suggest that risk perceptions were affected by exposure to media coverage of the 8 billion milestone.

The relationship between population growth and precipitation change in some regions across Vietnam: implications for urbanization effect.

According to a review of numerous publications and scientific reports, the effects of urbanization on urban climate are of greatest concern. This study aims to evaluate the impact of urbanization focusing on population growth on precipitation trends in 11 provinces across Vietnam during the period 2008-2018 by identifying the relationship between population growth and precipitation change. Regression analysis is used to determine the trends of precipitation and population growth. Precipitation maps and graphs show the overall precipitation trends, changes, and patterns in past decades. Overall, population growth tends to correlate with precipitation change trends. Furthermore, the type of region groups (countryside region, small city, or medium city) also plays a crucial role in determining the magnitude of the change in precipitation trends for each region. This further lends credibility to the notion that urbanization contributes to changes in precipitation trends.

Exact confidence intervals for population growth rate, longevity and generation time.

By quantifying key life history parameters in populations, such as growth rate, longevity, and generation time, researchers and administrators can obtain valuable insights into its dynamics. Although point estimates of demographic parameters have been available since the inception of demography as a scientific discipline, the construction of confidence intervals has typically relied on approximations through series expansions or computationally intensive techniques. This study introduces the first mathematical expression for calculating confidence intervals for the aforementioned life history traits when individuals are unidentifiable and data are presented as a life table. The key finding is the accurate estimation of the confidence interval for r, the instantaneous growth rate, which is tested using Monte Carlo simulations with four arbitrary discrete distributions. In comparison to the bootstrap method, the proposed interval construction method proves more efficient, particularly for experiments with a total offspring size below 400. We discuss handling cases where data are organized in extended life tables or as a matrix of vital rates. We have developed and provided accompanying code to facilitate these computations.

High-resolution data are necessary to understand the effects of climate on plant population dynamics of a forest herb.

Climate is assumed to strongly influence species distribution and abundance. Although the performance of many organisms is influenced by the climate in their immediate proximity, the climate data used to model their distributions often have a coarse spatial resolution. This is problematic because the local climate experienced by individuals might deviate substantially from the regional average. This problem is likely to be particularly important for sessile organisms like plants and in environments where small-scale variation in climate is large. To quantify the effect of local temperature on vital rates and population growth rates, we used temperature values measured at the local scale (in situ logger measures) and integral projection models with demographic data from 37 populations of the forest herb Lathyrus vernus across a wide latitudinal gradient in Sweden. To assess how the spatial resolution of temperature data influences assessments of climate effects, we compared effects from models using local data with models using regionally aggregated temperature data at several spatial resolutions (≥1 km). Using local temperature data, we found that spring frost reduced the asymptotic population growth rate in the first of two annual transitions and influenced survival in both transitions. Only one of the four regional estimates showed a similar negative effect of spring frost on population growth rate. Our results for a perennial forest herb show that analyses using regionally aggregated data often fail to identify the effects of climate on population dynamics. This emphasizes the importance of using organism-relevant estimates of climate when examining effects on individual performance and population dynamics, as well as when modeling species distributions. For sessile organisms that experience the environment over small spatial scales, this will require climate data at high spatial resolutions.

Disease, Scapegoating, and Social Contexts: Examining Social Contexts of the Support for Racist Naming of COVID-19 on Twitter.

In early 2020, when COVID-19 began to spread in the United States, many Twitter users called it the "Chinese virus," blaming racial outgroups for the pandemic. I collected tweets containing the "Chinese virus" derivatives posted from March to August 2020 by users within the United States and created a data set with 141,290 tweets published by 50,695 users. I calculated the ratio of users who supported the racist naming of COVID-19 per county and merged Twitter data with the county-level census. Multilevel regression models show that counties with higher COVID-19 mortality or infection rates have more support for the racist naming. Second, the mortality and infection rates effects are stronger in counties with faster minority growth. Moreover, it is mainly in poor counties that minority growth enlarges the effects of infection and mortality rates. These findings relate to the theories on disease-induced xenophobia and the debate between conflict and contact theories.

The Ethics of Population Policy for the Two Worlds of Population Conditions.

Population policy has taken two divergent trajectories. In the developing part of the world, controlling population growth has been a major tune of the debate more than a half-century ago. In the more developed part of the world, an inverse pattern results in the discussion over the facilitation of population growth. The ethical debates on population policy have primarily focused on the former and ignored the latter. This paper proposes a more comprehensive account that justifies states' population policy interventions. We first consider the reasons that support pro-natalist policies to enhance fertility rates and argue that these policies are ethically problematic. We then establish an ethics of population policy grounded on account of self-sustaining the body politic, which consists of four criteria: survival, replacement, accountability, and solidarity. We discuss the implications of this account regarding birth-control and pro-natalist policies, as well as non-procreative policies such as immigration, adoption, and unintended baby-saving strategies.

Temperature dependence of competitive ability is cold-shifted compared to that of growth rate in marine phytoplankton.

The effect of climate warming on community composition is expected to be contingent on competitive outcomes, yet approaches to projecting ecological outcomes often rely on measures of density-independent performance across temperatures. Recent theory suggests that the temperature response of competitive ability differs in shape from that of population growth rate. Here, we test this hypothesis empirically and find thermal performance curves of competitive ability in aquatic microorganisms to be systematically left-shifted and flatter compared to those of exponential growth rate. The minimum resource requirement for growth, R*-an inverse indicator of competitive ability-changes with temperature following a U-shaped pattern in all four species tested, contrasting from their left-skewed density-independent growth rate thermal performance curves. Our results provide new evidence that exploitative competitive success is highest at temperatures that are sub-optimal for growth, suggesting performance estimates of density-independent variables might underpredict performance in cooler competitive environments.

Distribution and accumulation of Cadmium in different trophic levels affecting Serangium japonicum, the predatory beetle of whitefly Bemisia tabaci, biologically, physiologically and genetically: An experimental study.

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is of great concern in agroecosystems due to its toxicity to plants, herbivores, carnivores, and human beings. The current study evaluated the allocation and bioaccumulation of Cd from soil to cotton plants, cotton plants to herbivore pests, and herbivorous pests to a natural enemy predator. When soil was spiked with 100 mg/kg Cd, results demonstrated that cotton roots accumulated more Cd than the stems and leaves. The bioaccumulation of Cd was less in 4th instar larvae, pupa, and adults of Serangium japonicum than in Bemisia tabaci adults. The bioaccumulation in S. japonicum elongated the immature development period and reduced adult longevity, oviposition days, fertility, and total pre-oviposition duration. The net reproduction of S. japonicum was also reduced, as was female mature weight and feeding potential; as a result, Cd exposure could reduce the future population size compared to uncontaminated populations. There was decreased activity of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and POD) and energy-conserving lipids (glycogen, triglyceride, and total cholesterol) in Cd-contaminated S. japonicum compared to controls. The detoxifying enzyme activity of GST and P450 increased while AChE activity did not change. The qRT-PCR research showed that SOD1, CAT, POD, glycogen, and triglyceride gene expression was higher than in controls, whereas detoxification gene expression did not change. Our results indicate that Cd exposure has a physiological trade-off between its adverse effects on life history traits and elevated detoxification and antioxidation of S. japonicum, which could result from gene expression alteration. Further studies are needed to assess whether Cd exposure causes irreversible DNA damage in S. japonicum.